Legal and Ethical Issues that Students Should Understand

Lawful and Ethical Issues that Students Should Understand Presentation Business specialists have continually reprimanded the powerlessness of universities to address the consistently expanding hole of what the market needs and what is really educated in business schools.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Legal and Ethical Issues that Students Should Understand explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, in a time of moral breaches, good and qualities vulnerability, self-centeredness of the free market economy and outrages associated with avarice and deceptive practices in associations, business colleges, as the principle wellspring of future agents, are also accused for a significant part of the unscrupulous practices in the commercial center. Thus, business colleges are feeling the squeeze to develop a solid feeling of socially capable administration among their alumni and rethink their situation as an ethical power in molding future agents with the capacity of settling on moral choices (Baucus, Caryn, 2005). The rising enthusiasm for the lead of business understudies has been the subject of different investigations. Surely, ongoing exploration around there built up that the likelihood of business understudies taking part in scholarly deceptive nature was higher than that of their non-business peers. A case of this is a review including more than 15,000 understudies which indicated that business understudies shaped the heft of the individuals who cheated to achieve higher evaluations (Light, 2008). Also, examines have demonstrated that most business understudies accept that they require dishonest conduct for them to have the option to adequately bring to fulfillment their degrees. Preferably, the convictions and estimations of most understudies are influenced by the ecological foundation wherein they grow up. To be sure, different nations and geographic areas and organizations, create distinctive moral qualities, standards, standards and individual good directions. A case of this can be found in the expressions of Light (2008) who in an investigation built up that Americans reacted to pay off cases in a more moral way than their partners from Greece.Advertising Looking for research paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Business Ethics In this paper, morals will be characterized as the standards and qualities that decide palatable direct in business associations. Clients, contenders, government guidelines, intrigue parties, and the general public, just as the ethical standards and estimations of every individual decide the worthiness of conduct in business. A case of this can be seen from the case of Enron, which got one of the biggest moral fiascos in the 21st century. Two past CEOs of Enron, Ken Lay and Jeff Skilling, were seen as blameworthy on all charges of plotting to cover up the company’s budgetary circumstance (Ronald, Johannes, 2003). Wh ile deciding the case, the managing judge said the litigants could be seen as blameworthy of deliberately abstaining from thinking about unlawful action at the association. Numerous other ranking directors including Andy Fastow, the Chief Financial Officer of the association were seen as liable of mischief and are right now doing time in jail. Preferably, the breakdown of Enron took numerous layers of the executives pressing the catches and satisfaction with respect to workers who saw botches being submitted however decided to fail to address it (Ronald, Johannes, 2003). To be sure, Enron isn't the only one with regards to excusing unscrupulous conduct in associations. Most untrustworthy activities inside associations are propped up by a hierarchical culture that urges representatives to wind the principles (Ronald, Johannes, 2003). Perceiving Ethical Issues in Business â€Å" Learning to recognize moral issues is one of the most critical strides in understanding business morals. A moral issue as per Ronald Johannes, (2003) is an issue, circumstance, or opportunity that is recognizable and calls for somebody to browse among different activities that might be deciphered as right or off-base, moral or deceptive. In business, such a decision for the most part involves weighing money related benefit contrary to what an individual considers proper conduct.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Legal and Ethical Issues that Students Should Understand explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most ideal approach to assess the morals of a choice is to analyze a circumstance from the point of view of a client or contender. A portion of the appropriate issues where the subject of morals may emerge are: Should fluid eating routine makers make baseless cases with respect to their items? Should a designer consent to uncover her past employer’s exchange insider facts to ensure that she handles a superior activity with a conte nder? Should a sales rep forget about realities about an items helpless security record in his showing to a client? Such inquiries require the chief to weigh up their preferred morals (Ronald, Johannes, 2003). Numerous business issues may seem clear and simple to decide on a superficial level, yet in fact they are extremely entangled. An individual generally needs quite a while involvement with business to appreciate what is moral or satisfactory and that is the reason business understudies should attempt to become familiar with the laws overseeing business when they are still in school. For instance, on the off chance that one is a sales rep, when does giving out a ‘gift’ â€, for example, season football tickets †to a customer become a payoff instead of only a business perception? For what it's worth, there are no reasonable and simple responses to such an inquiry. In any case, the element of the arrangement, the historical backdrop of individual connections in side the association being referred to, just as a large group of numerous different variables may build up on the off chance that others will pass judgment on the issue as worthy. Organizations over the United States are beginning to deny access to Internet-video administrations at the work environment. At issue is the burglary of time by representatives who use You Tube and MySpace for two hours on normal every workday (Light, 2008). Another issue is the utilization of organization assets to give singular web confirmation. So as to see a portion of the moral issues that understudies ought to hope to experience later on, this examination paper will manage some of them in this segment. Moral issues are more confused now than previously. The gigantic number of news-group analytical projects has uplifted purchaser and worker consciousness of administrative misbehavior.Advertising Searching for research paper on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More On this, the enormous measure of pay TV and web assets has improved the attention to moral issues in the general public. An overview completed by Light (2008) including more than 3,400 U.S. representatives presumed that laborers witness various occasions of moral unfortunate behavior in their associations. (Light, 2008). The most widely recognized kinds of distinguished offense in the private area were putting one’s own advantages in front of that of the association, damaging conduct, and hawking misrepresentation to representatives. One of the primary driver of exploitative conduct in associations is unnecessarily forceful monetary or business destinations. Greater part of these issues have to do with choices that business administrators handle on everyday premise. In a perfect world, it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to talk about each moral issue that ascents in the business place. Nonetheless, talking about a couple of them can assist understudies with realiz ing a portion of the moral issues that they should manage in their future working environment. Greater part of the moral issues in business can be ordered with regards to their connection with hostile and threatening conduct, irreconcilable situations, reasonableness and honesty, correspondences, and professional interactions (Light, 2008). Damaging or scaring conduct is delegated one of the most moral issues that representatives need to manage in the work environment. These ideas can allude to anything from physical dangers, bogus claims, being bothering, utilizing swear words, obnoxious attack, yelling, cold-bloodedness, to unreasonableness, and the importance of these words can contrast starting with one individual then onto the next. Oppressive conduct can be put on a scale from minor aggravation to an interference of the work environment. For instance, what one individual may term as yelling may be the way of typical discourse for someone else. Politeness in our way of life is a worry, and the work environment is no special case. The profitability level of most associations has been diminished when spent unwinding offending connections (Light, 2008). Oppressive conduct is difficult to oversee and decide because of social decent variety and way of life. I'm not catching it's meaning to act in a profane way? The inquiry that one should pose to themselves is if obscenity is just identified with explicit terms or other related expressions that are normally utilized in today’s business world. In the event that one is utilizing words that are ordinary in his language yet others believe them to be damaging, does this comprise to unscrupulous conduct? Inside the idea of damaging language, expectation ought to be a worry. On the off chance that the worker was attempting to communicate a commendation however the remark was understood as damaging, at that point it was in all probability a misstep. What understudies ought to comprehend is that the manner in wh ich they will outline their words (word inflection) while managing customers in their future work environment will be significant (Baucus, Caryn, 2005). Another moral/lawful viewpoint that is well on the way to manifest in the working environment is that of tormenting. Tormenting is connected to an antagonistic work environment when an individual or gathering is focused on and is undermined, stigmatized, orally manhandled, or excessively reproached. Harassing may offer ascent to what some think about an antagonistic situation, a term regularly connected to sexual

Essay on Heart Disease - Writing a Great One

Essay on Heart Disease - Writing a Great OneIf you're writing an essay on heart disease, you should know that there are many ways to approach this topic. You can choose to simply write about the connection between heart disease and aging, or you can choose to explore other avenues of argumentation. Which path you choose will be based on the information and data you are provided with, and your own preference. The following is a quick guide to what to consider when writing an essay on heart disease.The first thing you should do is ensure that you are clear on what the subject of your essay is. Although it is a topic that can be incredibly difficult, you must also ensure that you have the facts correct so that it flows well. It is very easy to become overwhelmed by writing this type of essay and put a lot of facts into your essay that you may not have considered.To illustrate, one of the ways in which you can write about this topic is to start off by explaining the natural progression o f heart disease. This might be in terms of the different types of heart disease and the factors that make it worse. It might also involve exploring why certain risk factors make someone more susceptible to having a heart attack. This may include your personal experiences with different risk factors and issues such as smoking and exercise. It will also help if you give examples of how your own situation differs from that of someone else.Once you have researched the facts that you will need to provide in your essay, it is important to make sure that you remember them all. A list of facts can make your essay seem far more organized and ready to go, so it is a good idea to take a few minutes to jot down some of the more important facts before you begin writing. This is an especially important step when you are trying to learn more about a particular topic. While facts will often change as research is done, it is important to stay consistent and keep your essay looking like it was writte n by an expert.Finally, remember that your essay is more than just words. Your essays will have a larger impact than most people realize. If you don't choose to use an essay on heart disease for your own personal use, it is important to share your essay with people who are close to you. Whether they are family or friends, they will want to read your work. As a result, it is best to create an excellent first impression, so it will be easier to persuade others that they should read your work.After completing your essay, you will need to get back to the task of writing it up. Start with a clear goal and a step-by-step plan. Write out your outline first, and then follow it with a paragraph of your essay. Be sure to consider the idea of keeping it simple and to remember to include only the facts that you know.Finally, you will need to write the final paragraphs. Start by summarizing your essay and move onto discussing the importance of including a fresh perspective in your writing. You c an also explain how you felt when writing your essay and what your goals were when you started. Lastly, mention that you found it helpful to have your work included in a review course or guidebook.Writing an essay on heart disease can be very intimidating for some people. However, with a little bit of knowledge, you will be able to write a well-written, cohesive piece of writing that will enlighten others. This is an extremely valuable way to reach people who may not otherwise have ever considered the topic, and it will be important for you to remember as you continue to write.

How Organization Wide Change Is Best Carried Out Management Essay

How Organization Wide Change Is Best Carried Out Management Essay Both change and congruity might be attractive for the triumphant achievement of progress. Picture upon the consequences of a worldwide examination the article proposes: 1. Organization are weakening to completely think about the results and ramifications of progress. 2. Numerous progressions individual presented because of contemporary administration complete have negative effects. 3. The theory of consistent direct advancement isn't constantly defended. 4. Coherence and change are significant supplements, and more consideration should be dedicated to the congruity of esteemed connections. 5. Individuals ought to be given the freedom to choose the level and nature of change required according to their demanding exercises. 6. Progressively all encompassing, astute and individuals focused ways to deal with the executives are required. To truly acknowledge authoritative change and start control flourishing change endeavors, the change operator ought to have at any rate an expansive comprehension of the situation of the change exertion. This incorporates accommodating the fundamental frameworks and structure in associations, just as their run of the mill terms and jobs. This commitment applies to the comprehension of initiative and the board of the associations, also. That is the reason split courses in business regularly at first remember a course or some conversation for authoritative hypothesis. This subject incorporates a few connects to assist you with picking up this wide tolerating. The accompanying relations comprehensively evaluated in the accompanying request may be useful to build up some sense about associations, and their administration and the executives. Review of Change Management There are a few expression with respect to hierarchical change and advancement that look and sound a ton comparable, however have different implications. Because of the significance of the subject, there appear to be progressively changed translation of a portion of this expression, while others are utilized reciprocally. Without probably some feeling of the distinction between these expressions, associations about authoritative change and improvement can be increasingly ambiguous, befuddling and disappointing. Technique of the investigation: What is Organizational Change: Ordinarily, the idea of hierarchical change is in gaze to association wide change, instead of littler changes, for example, expansion a renewed individual, adjust a program, and so on. Instances of association wide change may contain an adjustment in strategic, tasks, new advances, mergers, significant coordinated efforts, rightsizing, new program, for example, all out quality administration, re-designing, and so forth. A few specialists allude to authoritative change. Frequently this term assigns a fundamental and radical reorientation in the manner the association works. What is Provokes Organizational Change: Adjust ought not be accomplished for change its an arrangement to achieve some as a rule objective. Generally authoritative change is irritated by some major outside overwhelming power, generous cuts in financing, address major new markets/customers, requirement for sensational increment in productivity/administrations, and so forth. Normally, associations must start association wide change to advance to a comparable level in their life cycle, going from a profoundly moment, entrepreneur association to all the more consistent and arranged turn of events. Change to another CEO can prompt association wide change when their new and one of a kind character overruns the whole association. For what reason is Organization-Wide Change Difficult to Accomplish: Normally there are extreme protections from change. Individuals fear the obscure. Numerous individuals think things are at this point fine and dandy and dont welcome the requirement for change. Many are inalienably pessimistic about change, especially from finding out about change as though its a mantra. Numerous waverings there are successful intends to achieve major hierarchical change. Regularly there are clashing objectives in the association, to build assets to achieve the change yet simultaneously slice expenses to stay practical. Association wide change frequently conflicts with the very qualities confined dear by individuals in the association, that is, the change may go close by how individuals accept things ought to be finished. That is the reason a lot of authoritative change content talks about needed changes in the advancement of the association, remembering changes for individuals esteems and convictions and in the manner they confirm these qualities and convictions. How Organization-Wide Change Is Best Carried Out: Winning change must connect with top administration, just as the board and CEO. Ordinarily theres a hero who initially incite the change by being imaginative, influential and reliable. A change operator job is typically mindful to make an interpretation of the vision to a reasonable arrangement and complete the arrangement. Change is much of the time best did as a group wide endeavor. Correspondences about the change ought to be normal and with all association individuals. To look after change, the structure of the organization itself ought to be modified, including key plans, arrangements and systems. This adjustment in the structures of the association regularly includes an unfreezing, change and re-freezing system. The best way to deal with address protections is from side to side expanded and proceeded with interchanges and instruction. For instance, the pioneer should meet with all chiefs and workers to clarify purpose behind the change, how it for the most part will be completed and where others can go for advantageous data. An arrangement ought to be created and convey. Plans do change. That is fine, however impart that the arrangement has corrupted and why. discussion ought to be held for association individuals to express their thoughts for the arrangement. They ought to have the option to express their interests and irritation as fit. Some General Guidelines to Organization-Wide Change: In adding to the general technique recorded above, there are a couple of other essential rules to remember. 1. Think about utilizing an instructor. Guarantee the expert is exceptionally proficient in association wide change. Request to see reference and check the references. 2. Generally impart the conceivable requirement for change. Convey what youre doing about it. Impart what was done and how it work out. 3. Get as much counsel as reasonable from workers, including what they believe are the issues and what ought to be done to decide them. In the event that conceivable, work with a group of representatives to deal with the change. 4. Dont get envelop with doing change for change. Know why youre rolling out the improvement. What objective do you want to accomplish? 5. Plan the change. How would you intend to get to the objectives, what will you have to arrive at the objectives, how expanded may it take and by what method will you know when youve arrive at your objectives or not? Concentrate on the coordination of the offices/programs in your association, not on each part without anyone else. Have somebody accountable for the arrangement. 6. Wind up having each representative at long last presentation to one individual, if conceivable, and they should know who that being is. Occupation pictures are regularly grumbled about, yet they are helpful in indicating who reports to whom. 7. Agent choice to laborers however much as could be expected. This incorporates yielding them the force and obligation to take care of business. However much as could be expected, let them conclude how to do the undertaking. 8. The procedure wont be an it will take longer than you might suspect. 9. Keep viewpoint. Continue listening cautiously on addressing the necessities of your buyer or customers. 10. Deal with yourself first. Association wide change can be incredibly distressing. 11. Dont search for to control change, but instead to anticipate it, welcome it and oversee it. 12. Remember end for the arrangement. Perceive and commend your achievements. 13. Peruse a few assets about authoritative change, just as new structures and structures. Finds of the investigation: Harley-Davidson adapts against Suzuki to endure and take over in the market by the accompanying way: Level 1-molding and foreseeing the future : At this level, Harley-Davidson begin with not many suppositions about the business itself, what it is acceptable at, and what the future will resemble. The executives creates interchange situations of things to come, characterizes openings dependent on these potential prospects, evaluates its qualities and shortcomings in these situations changes its crucial, framework and so forth Level 2 Harley-Davidson characterizing what business to be in and their Core Competencies: Numerous endeavors at vital arranging start at this level, either accepting that: 1) The future will resemble the past or if nothing else anticipated 2) what's to come is exemplified in the CEOs of Harley-Davidson vision for what's to come 3) Management doesnt realize where other than to begin 4) Management is too frightened to even think about starting at leve on account of the progressions expected to truly meet future necessities 5) The main consent they have is to refine what work as of now exists. After a crucial been characterized and SWOT qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers examination is done, an association would then be able to characterize its activities, objectives, techniques. More data on this is in the following article, moving from the Future to your Strategy. Level 3 Reengineering (Structurally Changing) Your Processes: Either subsequently or aftereffect of level a couple of work Harley-Davidson autonomous activity, level three work centers around essentially changing how work is consummate. As opposed to concentrate on humble improvement, reengineering centers around rolling out major basic improvements to regularly with the objective of impressively improving profitability, effectiveness, quality or consumer loyalty. Level 4 Steadily Changing your Processes: Harley-Davidsons changes are center in rolling out numerous little improvements to possible work forms. Customarily associations put in considerable exertion into getting each worker concentrated on creation these little changes, frequently with generous impact. Lamentably, making enhancement for how a surrey whip for horse-drawn carriages is caused will to barely ever thought of the possibility that surrey whips are no longer necessa

Jerusalem and Albion An Ecological Perspective on Contemporary British Theatre - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"As the ninth, tenth, and eleventh strokes struck, a huge blackness sprawled over the whole of London. With the twelfth stroke of midnight, the darkness was complete. A turbulent welter of cloud covered the city. All was darkness; all was doubt; all was confusion. The Eighteenth century was over; the Nineteenth century had begun† (Virgina Woolf, Orlando) In Orlando Virginia Woolf describes the shift between centuries as the shifting of â€Å"turbulent† clouds; meteorological movement is linked with the movement of society from one state into another. If the twelfth stroke of midnight represents the moment of this epochal transition, then Mike Bartlett’s Albion and Jez Butterworth’s Jerusalem and The Ferryman tell stories of the eleventh hour, set on the brink of the final stroke. Each play concerns itself with the perceived threat towards a particular way of life; in Jerusalem the modern â€Å"Green Man† protagonist faces eviction from his mobile home; the IRA intrudes upon the domestic life of a Northern Irish family during the Troubles in The Ferryman; Albion depicts a woman’s futile attempts to salvage a decaying aristocratic garden in the wake of her son’s death. The attempt to find purpose in the face loss – more broadly an apparent cultural loss – affects the lives of each character. The struggle manifests itself in the return of myth, and both writers – but Butterworth in particular toy with collective identity and cultural heritage through use of the mystical. Ghosts, giants, banshees seep their way into a landscape that is both surreal and familiar: a contemporary battle between logos and mythos, logic and dreams and imagination and reality. Perhaps it is already clichà © to state that the characters are haunted by their pasts1, but rather the dramatic tension seems to come from the attempt to hold on to, or reclaim this past, in the face of the â€Å"twelfth stroke†. Crucially, these efforts to revive old values or retreat into the mythical must reconcile itself, or otherwise fail to reconcile, with oncoming change – a change that is closely interwoven with the landscape, natural world and climate. The struggle to find purpose is explored throughout Albion, and the word itself repeatedly crops up throughout the play: Zara claims that â€Å"I’m after a dream. A sense of purpose, I suppose†, while her mother insists that her son (James Walters) died â€Å"for a purpose†. In the case of the latter â€Å"purpose† is tied with a perceived set cultural values, the defense of England – Albion – for a just cause. Yet if the exact nature of these values is difficult to pinpoint within the text it is because they are intentionally obscured – for Audrey the ideal England is a paradoxical mix of romanticism for the aristocracy and a business orientated, â€Å"Thatcherite†2 ethos of â€Å"hard work†. Regardless of whether these values can be precisely defined, they are nevertheless perceived by Audrey to be in decline. The death of her own child progresses into an attempt to return things to the way she was as a child, the catal yst of what forms the premise of the play: â€Å"As a child there were a number of big houses in this area (†¦) I thought when I grew up that would be the world I’d inherit †¦ it was all†¦ destroyed. It’s easy to mock but there was culture there. Most other countries preserve their past. The embarrassed and insecure English discard it.† This childhood desire now the remnant of a discarded culture remerges in Audrey’s purchase of Albion and the Red Garden (once belonging to her uncle), previously a memorial to those who had lost their lives in the First World War and founded by a famous aristocrat. In revivifying and tending to it, Audrey claims that she is â€Å"sticking to a set of values. I’m holding the line. Or we’d have chaos.† Her garden becomes a symbol of a class structure on the precipice of extinction, a system deeply rooted within her conception of English cultural identity. In her recent examination of gardens in literature Annette Giesecke argues that â€Å"A garden is always a utopian construct, for its creation is predicated on hope hope that what one has planted will grow, that one’s plantings will provide nourishment for the body and for the soul.†3 In Albion, Audrey’s project is in a sense a utopian one: as the first garden in history to explore t he â€Å"chaos of nature in a formal setting†, Albion is a vestige of an idealized social order. And yet by nature of their very existence, gardens must constantly be maintained and ordered to avoid decay; likewise, the cultural order Albion represents exists continually on the precipice of collapse – â€Å"the eleventh strike†. Multiple reviewers have pointed to the similarities between The Cherry Orchard and Albion4. Both texts describe the loss of an old social order: in Chekov’s work the Russian aristocracy is challenged by the emergence of the middle class, while in Bartlett’s the residue of this former system and its principles are in the process of evaporation. In the Russian play we also have the regression to the child-mind: â€Å"Oh, my childhood, my innocent childhood! This is the nursery where I slept, and I used to look out at the orchard from here! Look, Mothers walking in the orchard.† And yet, in Albion when the garden does return to its former flourishing in late September, it is one that is â€Å"full bloom, green grown, but perhaps slightly too much. Perhaps a little overgrown†. As Freud argues in his essay on the uncanny, the â€Å"source of uncanny feelings would not, therefore be an infantile fear †¦ but rather an infantile wish or even infantile belief †5. Here the attempt to recover the â€Å"infantile desire†, the flourishing garden and all its cultural associations, produces results that are simultaneously familiar and unfamiliar. The garden is both homely (once again in â€Å"full bloom†) and unhomely (â€Å"slightly too much†) – a literal instance of the â€Å"unheimlich†. In fact, much like the collapse of heimlich into the unheimlich, the utopian vision of the garden can only be understood with reference to the threat of dystopia: â€Å"Crisis, not contentment, breeds utopias. It follows that utopia and dystopia are versions of the same mental operation. The utopian dream of a better world can be assessed and appreciated only against the backdrop of the less-perfect world we inhabit†. In Albion this backdrop is literalized – the final scene is one of a collapse, the garden and along with the cultural order it represents are returned to oblivion: â€Å"the last pieces o f the garden rot even more. The ground is returned to soil. The house is destroyed. Darkness. Soil.† (talk about ending here) In an interview concerning Jerusalem, Jez Butterworth states that the play seeks to illustrate how â€Å"there is no Logos without Mythos†6: the anxiety towards a perceived rise in a logical, scientific way of understanding of the world and a resultant mourning of the loss of a religious order. Indeed, the battle between the mythical and the real permeates the play, extending to the set pieces themselves. Like Albion, Butterworth’s Flintock is distinctly English and Anglo-iconography is littered around the set. Johnny Byron’s mobile home consists of a surreal mix of the natural and the manmade: â€Å"A clearing in a moonlit wood (†¦) the old Wessex flag (†¦) lots of junk () Stuck to the porch post is a submarine klaxon†. Crucially Johnny himself embodies this dichotomy or rather a fusion between man and nature, as he moves â€Å"with the balance of a dancer or animal†; one is a trained, a practitioner, and the other is instinctual â€⠀œ a thing of nature. Raymond Williams once referred to ‘nature’ as â€Å"perhaps the most complex word in the English language†7, and in Jerusalem we are presented with these complications. Here is a protagonist who is an elemental force in his own right: a part of nature just as much as an inhabitant of it. Byron is inseparable from the â€Å"green world† he inhabits, and much of the criticism that does exist on Jerusalem fixates on his status as a contemporary Lord of Misrule; a Shakespearean archetype trapped in a modern setting. Johnny’s gypsy identity – addressed mainly through use of the pejorative â€Å"gyppo† aligns with the stereotypes of a community that has been described as â€Å"remarkably successful at preserving their way of life, adapting to their changed conditions to remain the same†8. It is this stasis that is threatened by the Kennet and Avon Council. Much of the mythologizing in the play revolves around th e idea of ancestry, that the mystical is inherent within the blood of Johnny himself (â€Å"magic blood†, â€Å"See that. That’s blood. And not just any blood. That’s Byron blood.†). As a character inseparable from the natural world around him, this magic embedded into – or at least projected onto – the landscape. In contrast to Audrey, Johnny’s world is devoid of order, but similarly it embodies a set of values – or rather anti-values – that are also at risk of being lost. When contrasted with Albion we are reminded that cultural identity is not homogenous; while for Audrey social order is at risk of collapse, Johnny laments the loss of disorder, advocating for the subversion of principles entirely: â€Å"Lie. Cheat. Steal. Fight to the death. Don’t give up.† Crucially, both plays principally concern themselves not necessarily with the â€Å"spirit of nationalism or isolationism†9 but with the movement from what Butterworth terms â€Å"one state of being into another†. In Jerusalem this liminality manifests itself in the mystical, and the play is punctuated by a series of magical realist stories told by Johnny: â€Å"Johnny: There’s some men’ll tell you anything to get you to believe it. I never jumped Stongehenge. But I once met a giant that built Stonehenge. Ginger: Oh, really. And where was it? Johnny: Just off the A14 outside Upavon.† The use of English mythology and its assimilation into the modern world (â€Å"just off the A14†) is an effort to excavate the mythos into a world of logos: the latter quality finds its home in the scepticism of Ginger. Crucially the fight between these two forces reaches its pinnacle in the ending whereby Johnny beats his drum â€Å"relentlessly† as he summons the spectral, ancestral giants as the bulldozers arrive. The â€Å"purpose† that the characters of Albion search for so desperately, takes on the form of myth in Butterworth’s Jerusalem. As Katherine alludes to in the former play, purpose and belief are inseparable: â€Å"what do you believe in? You can’t have purpose without belief†. Unlike the previous two plays discussed, The Ferryman is not set in England but instead takes the backdrop of 1980s Northern Ireland in the midst of the Troubles. Furthermore, in contrast with the outdoor stage design of the other works while still using a pastoral setting Butterworth opts for the interior of a house: the audience is made (after the prologue) to invade upon the domestic space of the Carney family. Only gradually does the natural world filters its way through the initially – literally enclosed room (â€Å"The shutters are closed. The curtains drawn. The room is full of smoke†). Yet while over the course of the play the public world begins to encroach upon the private, the interiority of the stage design renders the arrival of each outside element as almost alien. For example, the presence of a live goose on stage is striking on both the level that having live animals onstage is a risky business (incorporating them into the plot itself is another feat entirely), but also because it is a real creature from the natural world into the home – a world that has only described and not seen (â€Å"harvest time†). On a larger scale, the presence of Muldoon – despite being a recognized figure from the past – is also one that is distinctly alien and threatens the domestic harmony of the household. The inevitable rupture in harmony is graphically visualized in the death of Magennis: â€Å"his blood spurts all over the wall of family pictures† – the family tainted with the blood of the outsider. Like Johnny Byron, the Carneys have existed on the brink of change, remaining static. This is epitomized in the description of the peat bog by Magennis – echoing Heaney’s ‘The Tollund Man’ – at the beginning of the play: â€Å"The bog water turns a body black, but it preserves it. You see, Father, there’s no oxygen down there. The peat is acidic. It pickles you. The years roll by and nothing changes. Did you know, Father, that when they found the Tollund Man, that his hands and feet were bound too† Akin to the preserved body, the Carney’s have operated in a kind of generational stasis; Caitlin cannot move on from her husband’s disappearance; Quinn and Caitlin do not act on their attraction to one another; in response Mary suffers from emotional and physical immobility; even Aunt Maggie has not loved another man since the age of 15. As a result of an unearthing of the past this frozen state finally thaws – and the characters must deal with their present relationships. This reaches its climax in the face off between Quinn and Mary, as she laments â€Å"nothing was healing. Nothing was moving on (†¦) now it’s over. Now there’s a body. Now she can grieve.† The natural world has thrown up an artifact that necessitates change, and yet the characters struggle against this force. Like Albion and Jerusalem, The Ferryman ends in defiance towards the oncoming storm, and much like the latter it is suffused with mythos: â€Å"Aunt Maggie: They ’re here†¦! Outside the Banshees scream. It rises†. The outside world surrounds the interior setting and its past and history rail against the present order: but much like the endings of Jerusalem and Albion we are left in an inconclusive state. Each play depicts a shift from one state of being into another, closely tied with a perceived loss of cultural or individual values and the desire to reclaim the past. This shift – particularly in Butterworth’s works – manifests itself in the conflict between mythos and logos. Most importantly, the natural world is intrinsically tied to this liminality, perhaps a reflection of anxieties towards an environment undergoing rapid changes. As discussed In The Ferryman, nature’s power to preserve and dispel the human body itself a product of nature is what provokes the action of the play. Likewise, in Albion the deceased James is said to become a part of the garden: â€Å"I suppose he’s in everything here now. The trees, the grass, the plants, whatever they are†. Furthermore, changes in climate dominates the play – the structure hinges around the movement of weather: Act 1 ends as â€Å"A cloud passes over†, Act 2 culminates in a ra in-fertility dance of sorts (she slowly moves to the music †¦ it starts to rain) and Act 3 and 4 the decay of the garden. It is the change in the earth itself that precludes other forces; overshadowing the pressure of neighbors; the Kennet and Avon council; the IRA. The climate is something inevitable and unstoppable. Audrey notices this, stating â€Å"there’s some things you can’t restore. The earth itself.† Indeed, global warming and climate change silently pervades the play and reveals itself through subtle cues, such as Katherine’s advice in Act 1: â€Å"You may have to adjust your plans for the climate †¦ The climate will be quite different now. Sun like this in early February†. The major hurdle in Audrey’s attempts to reclaim the past is not simply that society or culture has changed, but that the physical makeup of the earth itself has changed. The last scene leaves the audience on this potent image – â€Å"Darkness. Soil†. Alexandra Harris argues in her recent book Weatherland that â€Å"we have arrived in the twenty-century, at a critical juncture in the story of weather†10. The character of Johnny Byron is the embodiment of the natural world at this critical juncture, a modern Green Man inevitably left on his own in the face of destruction. Ultimately then, like the beating of Johnny’s drum, we are, meteorologically speaking, at the â€Å"eleventh stroke† of Woolf’s clock. In Albion the collapse of the garden represents the fall of a romanticized social order – the past. In Jerusalem and The Ferryman we left at the crossroads between myth and reality – a fusion that underpins a supposed struggle between mythos and logos. Anxiety towards a decaying environment, reflecting contemporary anxieties towards climate change, inhabit all three plays – the force of nature becomes the force that pushes the works into momentum. Both playwrights end on the â€Å"twelfth stroke† we are shut off at the very moment of the resolution and left in a state of darkness and confusion, and yet the principles of the characters – their acts of (often self-destructive) defiance – remain with the audience in the midst of this apparent oblivion.Endnotes and Bibliography1 â€Å"Entang led in Ireland’s bloodstained past† S. Hemming ‘Jez Butterworth’s Magnificent New Play The Ferryman Opens at the Royal Court.’ Ft.com Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/91ad5998-30b5-11e7-9555-23ef563ecf9a [Accessed 3 Mar. 2018]. 2 Cavendish, Dominic â€Å"The Play that Britain needs right now – Albion, Almeida review† The Telegraph. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/what-to-see/play-britain-needs-right-now-albion-almeida-review/ [Accessed 3 Mar. 2018].3 Giesecke, Annette L. Earth perfect?: Nature, Utopia and the Garden. Edited by Naomi Jacobs. Artifice Books on Architecture, 2012. 4 Billington, Michael â€Å"Albion review – Mike Bartlett captures nation’s neurotic divisions† The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2017/oct/18/albion-review-mike-bartlett-almeida-london [Accessed 3rd March 2018] 5 Freud, Sigmund. The Uncanny. Penguin, 20036 â€Å"Theater Talk: Jerusalem Pl aywright Jez Butterworth and Tony-winning Best Actor, Mark Rylance†. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENEoRHLuZ1I [10:23] [Accessed 3rd March 2018] 7 Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Oxford University Press, 2014.8 Acton, Thomas Alan, and Gary Mundy, eds. Romani Culture and Gypsy Identity. Univ of Hertfordshire Press, 1997. 9 Harpin, Anna. Land of hope and glory: Jez Butterworths tragic landscapes. Studies in Theatre and Performance 31, no. 1 (2011): 61-73.10 Harris, Alexandra. Weatherland: Writers Artists Under English Skies. Thames Hudson, 2015.

Loss of Control Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2083 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Voluntary manslaughter defence Loss of Control Introduction As Maria has Killed John, She is likely to be charged with his Murder. Maria is both factual, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"but forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ her actions, he would not have died R v White (1910)[1] and legal cause, as her actions contributed significantly to the death of John (R v Smith (1959))[2]. The mens rea for murder is established by evidence, as Maria throws the vase at Pauls head with the intention to cause Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH), therefore indicates that Maria had intention to harm and possibly Kill John, and therefore would be likely to be charged with Murder. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Loss of Control Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order However Maria may be able to plead the partial defence of loss of control, this is a statutory defence and only applies to murder charges. If the plea for loss of control is successful Maria will be convicted of Voluntary manslaughter, as she did intend to cause GBH but carried out the offence due to her loss of control, therefore will potentially be given a discretionary sentence, depending on the judgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision. The Coroners and Justice Act (2009) (CJA) made fundamental changes to the partial defence of murder and created the new defence of loss of control s.54 (1). The old defence of Provocation was abolished by s.56[3], therefore repeals s3 of the Homicide Act (1957). There are three elements of the defence of loss of control: At the time of the killing Maria must have lost self-control (this is an element that Under s.55 (CJA, 2009) the loss of control must have had a qualifying trigger (QT), so there must have to be a reason as to why you have lost your self-control and, Someone of the same age and sex of Maria, with a normal degree of tolerance and self-restraint and in the circumstances of Maria, might have reacted in the same way to Maria, s.54 (3) CJA, 2009. Loss of self- control The first element contains the subjective question whether Maria had lost self-control, it is clear from the facts that she was extremely angry and snapped after she had found out that her husband was leaving her for another man. This meant she launched the glass vase at Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s head which caused his fatal injuries. This indicates that indeed she had lost her self- control. In the old defence of provocation required that the killing had to have been à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"sudden and temporary loss of controlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, therefore excluded Duffy[4], Humphreys[5] and anybody else like her that waited to kill their victim. However under the new law there is no requirement that loss of control was sudden s.54 (2) CJA, 2009. The purpose of this new requirement was because the old defence was criticised for failing to protect those who had suffered cumulative abuse who lashed out as a result of provoking behaviours/conduct, otherwise known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the last strawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Abid. However if the killing was a planned revenge under s.54 (4) the defence would not be available. This highlights the balancing game in which the courts are faced with in terms of identifying what is planned and what is not. Therefore from the above it is evident that Maria carried out the killing in a sudden and temporary loss of control. She did not leave the room or plot her revenge she threw the vase in the heat of the moment, with the intention to cause GBH. Therefore s.54 (1) (a) and s.54 (2) would be satisfied. Qualifying Triggers The next element is to determine if Maria had a qualifying trigger s.55 CJA, 2009, in other words a reason why she carried out the crime. With the old defence of provocation, virtually any act was capable of being used as evidence of provocation. Thus there was no need to have the provocative action aimed at a person. This was such the case of Davies[6] it was held that the defendant kill ed his wifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lover for just walking towards her place of work. It was held that this act could amount to a provocative act and was put to the jury. There were many issues with this, as it left the defence of provocation extremely broad and easy for the defendants to successfully apply the defence of provocation. Therefore when the CJA, 2009 came into force and abolished the defence of provocation, it included two different types of Triggers s.55 (3) and s.55 (4) (a) (b). In order for Maria to use the defence of loss of control she has to qualify under at least one or both of the triggers. These triggers are often referred to the Fear trigger and Anger trigger. Each trigger will now be discussed in turn to see if Maria has a QT. Trigger 1- s.55 (3) CJA, 2009 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the Fear triggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Makes it very clear that fear or fear of serious violence would be a qualifying trigger and, that fear of serious violence could be either against yours elf or against a third person (typically a child or a vulnerable person rather than other people in general). With Maria there is no evidence of previous history of violence, nor is there evidence of Mariaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fear from serious violence or abuse. Therefore Maria would be unable to use s.55 (3). Nevertheless this is a subjective test, therefore it is down to Marie to show that she honestly feared serious violence. Trigger 2- s. 55 (4) (a) (b) CJA, 2009 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the anger triggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ In the old defence of Provocation anything that was said or done might amount to provocation, which resulted in the defence being very broad and open for interpretation. Moreover the defence of provocation was down to the jury to decide, however under the new law s.54 (6) CJA, 2009, Judicial control has been given back to the Judge, in determining whether a jury can reasonably conclude that the words or conduct constituted to circumstances of an extremely grave cha racter (Allen, 2013)[7]. This change has tightened the rule and made it more difficult for the defence of loss of control to succeed as, s.55 (a) states the things that are done or said have to amount to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"circumstances of an extremely grave character. Therefore the defendant will be relying on what has been said or done and not the fear or serious violence. Subsection (b) indicates that what has been said or done has caused the defendant to have a justifiable sense of being seriously wronged. Therefore only if Marieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s act of throwing the vase at Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s head, after his taunts that she has à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ruined his life and that she is repellent to him physicallyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, that their marriage is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"a ridiculous charadeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, and the money they have saved for their daughters university has now been spent on his gambling habit, is an extremely grave character which caused her to a justifiable sense o f being wronged, then the anger trigger would apply. However there are limitations on these triggers, s.56 (6) (a) (B) CJA (2009), indicate that you cannot have these qualifying triggers if they are self-induced, meaning that, if Marie had started the quarrel and is the provoker, whereby she had made the victim retaliate with violence and or abuse, then the defence will fail. However as already discussed there was no act of violence from John towards Marie, therefore this limitation would not apply to Marie and s. 55 (4) (a) (b) would still allow the defence of loss of control. However there is one other limitation s.56 (6) (c) CJA, 2009 which indicates that if there is any sexual infidelity then the defence to be disregarded. The old law of provocation would allow sexual infidelity however in Smith (Morgan James) (2000) in the dictum form Lord Hoffman states that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Male possessiveness and jealousy should not today be an acceptable reason for l oss of self-control leading to homicide, whether inflicted on the woman herself or on her new loverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [8] However some argue against Lord Hoffman saying that sexual infidelity is the very thing that cause sudden temporary loss of control as the killing is carried out on: 1. a spare of the moment, 2. the extremely grave character of the victim and 3. That the defendant feels justified with his feelings. However this criticism was justified in The Ministry of Justices Consultation Paper in, 2008 stating that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦It is quite unacceptable for [D] who has killed an unfaithful partner to seek to blame [V] for what occurred. We want to make it absolutely clear that sexual infidelity on the part of [V] can never justify reducing a murder charge to manslaughterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [9] However in Clinton[10] the Court of appeal considered whether or not sexual infidelity is wholly excluded from consideration as a permissible qualify ing trigger within s.55. Judge CJ stated that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the legislation was designed to prohibit the misuse of sexual infidelity as a potential trigger for the loss of control in certain circumstances in which it was thought to have been misused in the former defence of provocationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in short sexual infidelity is not subject to a blanket exclusion when the loss of control is under considerationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to compartmentalise sexual infidelity and exclude it when it is integral to the facts as a wholeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is unrealistic and carries with the potential for injusticeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 10 Meaning that sexual infidelity can be taken into account despite what has been stated in statute. Where it is a part of a pattern of behaviour, part of the whole version of events which is related to this killing. However the courts said that if it is only sexual infidelity that you is being plead then s.55 (6) (c) still applies. It is on ly when there is a pattern of behaviour which forms part of the whole version of events you can disregard it. Therefore from the evidence given, tells us that John hid his sexual orientation his whole adult life, therefore the whole time he was married to Maria. Maria has been completely unaware of his homosexuality until very recently when he discloses this to her. Therefore there is no pattern of behaviours and, as stated previously no evidence of violence which would also show a pattern for this QT to grip onto. Thus s.55 (6) (c) would disregard Mariaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s s.55 (4) trigger and plea of loss of control. The Objective test It is still important to explore the third element of loss of control s.54(3) supplements s.54(1)(c) by explaining that the defendants circumstances leading up to the killing will be included except those factors that relate to the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s tolerance and his ability to exercise self-restraint. Therefore it requires someon e of the same age and sex as Maria, with a normal degree of tolerance and self- restraint and in the same circumstances as Maria, might have reacted in the same or similar way s.54 (3) CJA, 2009. Thus if the defendant has a history of violence or prone to be short-tempered, the test will not permit the defendant to rely on the loss of control defence. This is the objective test which follows the decision in Holley[11] whereby à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"toleranceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was the new addition to the CJA, 2009 and self-restraint was kept from the abolished provocation defence. However if this third element looks at the circumstances and the characteristics of the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, it would highlight that Mariaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s circumstances impairs her capacity to exercise a normal level of tolerance and self- restraint, which would not be classified as a normal person s.54 (3). Therefore as Maria was extremely stressed she would not attribute to a normal person. Thus th e defence of Loss of control would be unsuccessful. To Conclude Maria would be unsuccessful in her plea the partial defence for loss of control, however would potentially be able to plea for the partial defence of diminished responsibility under s.2 (1) The Homicide Act, 1957, as amended by s.52 of the CJA, 2009. Due to having extreme stress which is a recognised mental health condition, which can alter your behaviours and can make you verbally and physically aggressive, the feeling of anger, depression, anxiety and fear to name just a few[12] However it will be for the jury to decide whether her stress was a significant contributing factor in causing her to throw the vase at John which caused his fatal injuries. Bibliography 1 [1] R v White (1910) 2 KB 124 CA [2] R v Smith (1959) 2 QB 35 [3] The Coroners and Justice Act (2009) [4] R v Duffy (1949) 1 AII ER 932 [5] R v Humphreys (1995) 4 AII ER 889 [6] R v Davies (1975) 1 QB 691 [7] Allen. M (2013) Textbook on Criminal Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 12th Ed, page 338-339. [8] R v Smith (Morgan James)(2000) 3 WLR 654. [9] Baird.N (2010) Criminal Law online. https://www.criminallawonline.com/artcontrol.php [10] R v Clinton (2012) EWCA Crim 2 [11] Attorney General for Jersey v Holley (2005) UKPC 23 [12] Mental health foundation (2014) https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/help-information/mental-health-a-z/S/stress/

Social Justice System Of The Upper Class Essay - 1628 Words

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Tesla Motors Company Success Milestones-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the different new technologies associated with success of automotive Industries. Answer: Introduction Tesla Motors Company has created a new dimension to the mechanical industry following its tremendous innovative technology. The company has survived major challenges such as high production cost, and network effects. It is therefore a perfect choice in this study since it gives a true reflection of new technologies used within automotive industries to cut on the costs and increase product worth. To overcome insurmountable economic problems, Tesla invented battery electric vehicles which replaced fuel vehicles (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States, United States, 2011). The company is continuously improving the energy sector into green energy. This initiative has made Tesla to gain much popularity having high-end encroachment marketing strategy against giant players in the market like Toyota, Ford, Honda, Mercedes, BMW, Volkswagen and so on(Hardman et al., 2014). The Space X technology has also helped Tesla to reduce the cost of space travel. These milestones define the succe ss of Tesla Motors Company (Hardman Steinberger, 2015). Problem statement The problem that prompted the study is automotive industries are faced with large fixed costs diminishing their profit margins. Most companies therefore spend a lot of money in innovative technologies to maintain their status quo without making further improvement on their current market products. Such a move causes a stretch on their budgets (Liu Bloomberg News (Firm), 2013). Some have even lost network with their potential clients due to poor records of financial management and bankruptcy. Research aim The aim of this paper is to access different new technologies associated with success of automotive industries specifically, product improvement, customer control and networking. Research question What strategies can be used to cut down on fixed costs in automobile industries? Literature review Tesla Motors is an electrical car making company based in Palo Alto, California under the flagship founder of Elon Musk and Martin Eberhard. It came into existence in 2003. Its major success dates back to 2016 when it received a global recognition after delivering approximately 22,200 vehicles (Knox McCarthy, 2012).Since then, the company has been on top of the market share towards power trains in passenger vehicles. The company is well known for its diverse products ranging from Tesla Model S, Tesla Model 3, Tesla Roadster, and Tesla Model X. The companys products are aimed at customers in the high-end market sphere. This company has established its markets in North America, Asia and Europe (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States, United States, 2015). In 2016, Teslas Model S was at the lead as the best sold car in the United States of America after selling 29,421 units. It was closely followed by model X with 17,129 units. In 2016 alone, the two models generated 4.2 billion US dollars to the company. These models remain outstanding up to date in Norway and the United States. However, Tesla faced a stiff completion from BMW which sold 20,576 units in the same year (Bohnsac, Pinkse Kolk, 2014). The company operates its own power train segment and Toyota RAV4 electric vehicles. In July 2014, Tesla was ranked as the largest battery factory in the US. It is also known for developing driverless cars. Statistics show that the demand of electrical cars is projected to rise over from $84billlion to $272 billion in 2019 ( Mangram, 2012). This has been enhanced by increased need of environmental friendly cars, infrastructure improvements, and increase in gasoline prices. With such a projection, automotive companies should be at pace to reap big from the projection. This can be enhanced through emulating Teslas business model categorically placed into selling, servicing, and charging electric vehicles (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States, United States, 2014).Tesla commands a huge market due to its overwhelming innovative technology and networking strategies achieved through; direct sales, service, and supercharger network (Mangram, 2012). Direct sales Unlike other car industries that rely on franchised dealers to sale their brands, Tesla invests in direct sales via international show rooms and galleries (Halderman, 2010). In doing so, Tesla enjoys product development, better customer buying experience, and no conflict of interest. Customers deal with Tesla staff one on one creating a mutual understanding. Equally, Tesla Motors sales its products to customers via online platforms. Service Chaston (2017) identifies that Tesla uses its service centers to deal with customer needs. For example, the newly opened Service Plus initiative allows customers to charge or service their vehicles. Mobile technicians are also standby to offer assistance in areas where need arises (Pride, 2017). The high tech in the Module S cars that supports wireless internet access, gives clients an easy time since problematic issues can be uploaded to technicians and offer solutions online without physically touching the car. Supercharger network: Supercharger network stations help drivers to charge their vehicles faster at no fee. The initiative encourages most people into engaging with the company thus a strong brand loyalty. However, these stations are not enough in United States, Europe, and Asia which commands a huge population of electric car users (Gilles, 2012). Worlds car makers by market value Table 6.4 showing automobile industries market value comparison (Chris, 2015) According to figure 6.4 above, Tesla runs along the top 3 world car makers by market capitalization ahead of other competitors such as BMW, General Motors, and Ford Motor Company. The companys value stands at $59.7 billion after Toyota Motor Corp at $172billion and Daimler AG at $78 billion. The success has been attributed to new technological advancements and improvements on the current market products (Eberhard Tarpenning, 2006). Teslas technology has beaten other automotive companies by far in that other car companies rely on it. For example, Daimler General Motors depend on Tesla for battery packs. Mercedes-Bend uses Teslas power train (Doeden, 2015). According to consumer reports, the S model is a technological marvel associated with numerous benefits ranging from cost, class, comfort, and durability. The company is further expanded this concept with the Model S to its third-generation car, the Model 3 which equally attracted a massive market share. Methodology: Data collection Data collection is gathering empirical evidence in order to gain new insights about a situation and answer questions that prompt undertaking of the research (Carlson Robertson, 2014).The study used document analysis and questionnaires to establish market trends of automotive industries in the past years with Tesla in sight as a major case of study. Majorly, market analysis on competition, production processes and policies, innovative technologies, and costs of operations were well anchored from companies archives and websites (Berdichevsky, Kelty, Straubel Toomre, 2006). Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to obtain data for a period dating from July 1st to August 14th 2017. The methods were efficient since they allowed the researcher to access all possible factors of growth in a locomotive industry. Data analysis and presentation Data analysis is the process of systematically searching, arranging, organizing, and breaking data into manageable units, synthesizing the data, searching for pattern, discovering what is important and what is to be learned (Carlson, 2015).Data was presented in figures, graphs, and tables. Percentages were equally calculated followed by brief explanations to describe the numerical figures obtained. Study findings This includes non-linear text presented in form of graphs, statistical figures, tables and percentages based on the study objective. Simpler user friendly technology The figure shows Teslas profit margin witnessed after the company introduced Module S cars that are user friendly and easy to operate. This attracted more unit sales with increase in time from 25 in 2011 to 261.33 in 2014. The X axis represents time in years and the Y axis represents total average units sold. Figure 8.1 Graphical representation of Teslas profit margin (Source, author, 2017 Broadening the network through direct sale Figure 8.2: Impact of direct sales on buying experience, product development and conflict of interest (Source, author, 2017) Heightening brand value RESPONSE N/A AVERAGE GOOD BAD TOTAL TOTAL 8 5 23 4 40 PERCENTAGE 19% 13% 58% 10% Table 8.3: Response rate on contribution of adding value to brand (source, author ,2017) Figure 8.3: Response rate to contribution of adding value to the brand (Source, author, 2017) Discussion of findings Simple user friendly technology From figure 8.1 (Graphical representation of Teslas profit margin), it is clear that Tesla Motors Company has maintained a steady growth in its revenue since 2011. Specifically, Teslas success is attributed to the one thing at a time strategy echoed by the management where one product is dealt with at a time. According to the U.S. National Highway Safety Traffic Administration, Model S outscored Buick, Jaguar, Porsche, Fiat, Land Rover, and other cars in terms of safety. Tesla manages its brands by dealing with one product at a time hence giving the best car quality that is friendly to both the user and the environment. The non-smooth curve shows evidence that Tesla has undergone a number of recession and peak seasons. However, despite all the economic challenges, the company has maintained its market share and further increased its profit margin due to increased innovation of highbred electrical vehicle models. The simplicity of technology counts a lot in manufacturing automotives and should be emulated by manufacturers. For example, Model S is controlled by voice on the central touch screen (Carbaugh, 2013). The system is equally easy to use and has instant response. It also connects to 3G wireless internet allowing users to update car systems and receive help from technicians via online system. Tesla screen are also big to allow easy controlling of car options while driving. Tesla has made their cars quick and efficient to use, a goal other car manufacturers should hit. Broadening the network through direct sales Figure 8.2 (impact of direct sales on buying experience, product development and conflict of interest shows that an increase in direct sales leads to a substantive increase in product development and customer buying experience. From the figure we can also deduct that there is no conflict of interest in direct sales since clients interact directly with the staff who work at the capacity of the company (Cahill System Design and Management Program). Ideally, Tesla has invested much in service centers and stores in major states of Ohio, New Jersey, and New York. Therefore, there is less dealer business due to massive outlets that connect the end users directly to the company representative. This has necessitated the company in terms of customer experience giving them firsthand information on the expectations, complains, and other issues affecting their brand. This move strengthens Teslas brand and saves the companys money in the long run (Cahill, 2015). Heightening brand value The magic of meaning theory defines the nature perceptions ranging from good, average and bad depending on personal tests and preferences. We tend to perceive things on the basis of experiences, usefulness, cognitive ability and moral judgment. Figure 8.3 shows 58% of customers believe adding value to products would lead to a tremendous growth of automotive business. According to this category, value addition increases product usefulness creating a strong brand loyalty due to product reliability, huge audience reach, durability, brand adjustment, cost effectiveness and less labor requirements. 10% believe that there is no relationship between value addition and increased product use. They believe value addition attracts extra costs and can make reliable clients shift their loyalty to competitors products (Adam, 2016). 13% hold a belief that digital marketing can either be good or bad hence gives it an average score. The undecided population commands 19%. Majorly, this is due to lack of knowhow on value addition strategy. Flexibility in testing new marketing trends is also a concern that shuts out majority who belong to this school of thought. Creating high quality cars would increase sales to firms investing in car business. Similarly, exceeding consumers expectations works for the good of the company. Practically, getting more than what is paid for attracts most clients. For example, Tesla uses supercharger network station technology to help drivers charge their vehicles faster at no fee (Karamitsios, 2013). This attracts customers into doing business with the company more and more. Additionally, keeping contact with clients to remind them of maintenance, recalls, sending out service vans for checkup would place automotive industries at the top bar due to increased customer satisfaction. Conclusion Concisely, Tesla has successfully addressed the issue of large fixed costs on automotive industries giving possible solutions such as use of consumer friendly technology systems to solve customers dilemma, heightening brand value, and broadening the network through direct sales. These methods have proved successful in Tesla Motor Company hence effective to other automotive companies such as BMW, General Motors, Honda, Ford Motor Company and others (Allen, 2005).The only recommendation for Tesla is that it should also invest in corporate affairs of the general public to reap more clients and attract traffic on their website. Otherwise, its current position is well set for the future growth with$272 billion electrical cars demand projection in 2019. References Adam,M. (2016). Accelerating e-mobility in Germany: A case for regulation. Cham,Switzerland: Springer. Allen,R.G. (2005). Multiple streams of income. New York: Wiley. Berdichevsky, G., Kelty, K., Straubel, J. B., Toomre, E. (2006). The tesla roadster battery system.Tesla Motors,1(5). Bohnsack, R., Pinkse, J., Kolk, A. (2014). Business models for sustainable technologies: Exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles.Research Policy,43( 2), 284-300. Chaston, I. 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